The origins of World War II can be traced to the Treaty of Versailles which ended the First World War and created new tensions between victorious nations on one side and defeated nations such as Germany on the other. The Pacific War continued with Japan refusing to surrender until atomic bombs were dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, causing unprecedented destruction and the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people. The war in Europe ended on May 8, 1945, when Germany surrendered to the Allies. The Axis powers, led by Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan, tried to overturn the existing world order but were eventually defeated by the Allies, led by the United States of America, Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and China, amongst others. The war began with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, and soon developed into a much broader conflict throughout Europe. The war was characterized by the extensive use of new weapons and technology, including such features as aerial bombing of civilian populations, the use of concentration camps, and the development of nuclear weapons. The war involved the majority of the world’s nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the deadliest conflict in human history, with an estimated 70-85 million fatalities. The Second World War, also known as the World War II (WWII), was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945.
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